These two student tools, “Pathways of PSL Engagement” and “Scaffold for PSL Engagement,” were developed by Dr. Ruth Coffey and used in Environmental and Ocean Sciences. These visuals show students the scaffolding necessary to gradually advance from entry-level familiarity, to broad fluency, and to even specialization and deep content knowledge in reading and engaging Primary Scientific Literature (PSL). As part of a reading assignment sequence, students use the list of skills to track their progress as they become more expert readers and consumers of information. This progress is also connected to their development as advanced writers gradually learning the conventions of PSL.