{"id":1211,"date":"2019-03-31T15:45:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-31T22:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/?page_id=1211"},"modified":"2019-04-02T13:16:25","modified_gmt":"2019-04-02T20:16:25","slug":"commercial-computers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/commercial-computers\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial Computers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are numerous classifications of computers. Depending on the definition of a computer, it could date back all the way to 1822. There has been immense advancement in the evolution of computers. However, the first commercial computer which received widespread public attention began in the 1950&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1946<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2192\u00a0<\/span><\/b>ENIAC<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> first electronic general-purpose computer\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Able to solve a large class of numerical problems through reprogramming<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Designed for the specific purpose of computing values for artillery range tables<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Built during WWII<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Calculations for the construction of H-bomb<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>John von Neumann<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2192 made important contribution<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stored program computer \u2192 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">programs could be stored in memory (where the instructions and data also were)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Von Neumann architecture<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Proposed idea of using ENIAC for the H-bomb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1950<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u2192 first computer with program stored in memory<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First delivered to the US government in 1950<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Called: UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Considered first computer capable of storing and running a program from memory<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Mainly used by utilities, insurance companies and US military<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1953<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2192 IBM\u2019s first computer<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IBM \u2192 multinational information technology company<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Called: 701<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First <\/span><b>commercial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> scientific computer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First electronic and mass produced computer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1955<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2192 first computer with RAM<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MIT introduces first digital computer with magnetic core RAM and real-time graphics<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Magnetic core RAM: receives instructions and performs calculations and actions based on the instructions, allowing software to perform a specific function<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">RAM: random access memory; allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer. Needs power to keep the memory, so if computer is turned off, then all that memory\/data in RAM \u00a0would be lost<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1956<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2192 First transistor computer <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Called: TX-0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transistor: controls the amount of current\/voltage used for amplification\/switching of an electronic signal<\/span><\/span>\n<div id=\"attachment_1214\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1214\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1215\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/250px-Classic_shot_of_the_ENIAC.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"181\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1214\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ENIAC<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_1214\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1214\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1214\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/timeline_computers_1951.univacI-300x237.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/timeline_computers_1951.univacI-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/timeline_computers_1951.univacI-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/timeline_computers_1951.univacI-600x475.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/timeline_computers_1951.univacI.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1214\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">UNIVAC I<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_1216\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1216\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1216\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/grosch-300x236.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1216\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">IBM 701<\/p><\/div>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_1217\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1217\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/023p-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/023p-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/023p-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/files\/2019\/03\/023p.jpg 422w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">TX-0<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are numerous classifications of computers. Depending on the definition of a computer, it could date back all the way to 1822. There has been immense advancement in the evolution of computers. However, the first commercial computer which received widespread <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/commercial-computers\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":867,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1211","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commercial Computers - FYW 150<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/fyw150-technology\/commercial-computers\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Commercial Computers - FYW 150\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are numerous classifications of computers. 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