{"id":538,"date":"2019-05-07T07:39:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-07T07:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/?p=538"},"modified":"2019-05-07T07:49:16","modified_gmt":"2019-05-07T07:49:16","slug":"the-double-disadvantage-samantha-orellana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/2019\/05\/07\/the-double-disadvantage-samantha-orellana\/","title":{"rendered":"The Double Disadvantage -Samantha Orellana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWe are a collective of Black feminists who have been meeting together since 1974. During that <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">time<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0we have been involved in the process of defining and clarifying our politics, while at the same time doing political work within our own group and in coalition with other progressive organizations and movements. The most general statement of our politics at the present time would be that we are actively committed to struggling against racial, sexual, heterosexual, and class oppression, and see as our particular task the development of integrated analysis and practice based upon the fact that the major systems of oppression are interlocking. The synthesis of these oppressions creates the conditions of our lives. As Black women we see Black feminism as the logical political movement to combat the manifold and simultaneous oppressions that all women of color face<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;\u00a0The Combahee River Collective Statement<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/The Combahee River Collective Statement. Accessed May 07, 2019. http:\/\/circuitous.org\/scraps\/combahee.html.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The civil rights and the women&#8217;s suffrage movements are two of America\u2019s biggest historical milestones. These movements granted rights and power to African Americans and women which allowed for \u201csocial and political equality\u201d. However, despite the \u201crights\u201d granted to women and African Americans, this did not cause for total equality. The racial prejudice that ensued within these movements (specifically the women&#8217;s movement) went unnoticed to everyone except that of the oppressed group, black women. \u201cOne issue that is of major concern to us and that we have begun to publicly address is racism in the white women&#8217;s movement. As Black feminists we are made constantly and painfully aware of how little effort white women have made to understand and combat their racism, which requires among other things that they have a more than superficial comprehension of race, color, and Black history and culture. Eliminating racism in the white women&#8217;s movement is <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by definition work<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for white women to do, but we will continue to speak to and demand accountability on this issue\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/The Combahee River Collective Statement. Accessed May 07, 2019. http:\/\/circuitous.org\/scraps\/combahee.html.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The women\u2019s movement and civil rights movement hugely affected men and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">white<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0women, leaving black women on the back burner.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Seeking a voice in public office under the condition of being a female or any race other than white meant beating the inevitable odds, and for Monica Montgomery, resilience was key in identifying as a black women in America while running for office. Before women could vote they were running for office, seeking for a voice in any government institution. And, the same year African Americans were given rights to vote and hold public office, Hiram Rhode Reynolds becomes the first black man to run and successfully become to first black holder of public office. Although these milestones meant anything plausible is achievable, Charles D Hadley examines the combination of the two groups and the idea of a \u201cdouble disadvantage\u201d. \u201cBecause blacks are at a political disadvantage, and because women are at political disadvantage, black women are doubly disadvantaged\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/Darcy, R., Charles Hadley, and Jason Kirksey. &quot;Election Systems and the Representation of Black Women in American State Legislatures.&quot; Journal of Women, Politics &amp; Policy 13, no. 2 (1993): 73-89. doi:10.1080\/1554477x.1993.9970669.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, however, despite this double disadvantage concept, Monica Montgomery overcame this and stands as an inspiration for black women in America.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On November 26th, 2018, Monica\u00a0Montgomery was elected as a San Diego city council member. Her platform brought social and\u00a0economic attention; bringing in more jobs by &#8220;ensuring city contractors have diverse hiring\u00a0practices and hire locally&#8221;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/Trageser, Claire. &quot;San Diego Councilwoman Monica Montgomery Aims To Be Voice Of Her Community.&quot; KPBS Public Media. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/www.kpbs.org\/news\/2019\/mar\/19\/san-diego-councilwoman-monica-montgomery-aims-be-v\/.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and, improve relations with police by &#8220;reviewing the use of force and racial profiling&#8221;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/Trageser, Claire. &quot;San Diego Councilwoman Monica Montgomery Aims To Be Voice Of Her Community.&quot; KPBS Public Media. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/www.kpbs.org\/news\/2019\/mar\/19\/san-diego-councilwoman-monica-montgomery-aims-be-v\/.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5 <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in her represented district. Montgomery\u2019s victory was not only a major success for the African American community in San Diego, but\u00a0especially amongst African American women whom experience this \u201cdouble disadvantage\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-547\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM-300x209.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM-768x536.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM-1024x714.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM-600x418.png 600w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.49.42-AM.png 1064w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This election was specifically inspiring for two reasons. Montgomery, an African\u00a0American woman, had been elected over an incumbent which is extremely difficult to achieve\u00a0and, Montgomery was running against another black woman, Myrtle Cole. Montgomery defeated\u00a0Cole by collecting \u201cnearly 58 percent\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/Bowen, Andrew. &quot;Monica Montgomery Appointed Chair Of Public Safety Committee.&quot; KPBS Public Media. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/www.kpbs.org\/news\/2018\/dec\/17\/monica-montgomery-chair-public-safety-commitee\/.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of the votes. Now, imagine two black women running for\u00a0any office in 1953. This idea would be very difficult to seriously consider. In the 21st century, the\u00a0United States of America has made strides in social, economic and political reforms. These\u00a0changes allow for community building within certain areas; Montgomery being an excellent\u00a0example. Montgomery, a black woman, has allowed for a voice within the minority community\u00a0of San Diego, and more specifically within the female minority community of San Diego. Not\u00a0only did San Diego district 4 elect a black woman\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">previous to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Montgomery, but re-elected a\u00a0black woman into office prior, \u201cIf women are scarce in government, minority women are even\u00a0scarcer\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/Darcy, R., Charles Hadley, and Jason Kirksey. &quot;Election Systems and the Representation of Black Women in American State Legislatures.&quot; Journal of Women, Politics &amp; Policy 13, no. 2 (1993): 73-89. doi:10.1080\/1554477x.1993.9970669.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Systematic racism or Institutional racism is a very conniving but real concept in\u00a0America. Systematic racism is\u00a0\u201cracial\u00a0bigotry by the existence of institutional systemic policies,\u00a0practices and economic and political structures which place minority racial and ethnic groups at a disadvantage in relation to an institution&#8217;s racial or ethnic majority\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/&quot;Institutional Racism.&quot; Wikipedia. April 10, 2019. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institutional_racism.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Systematic racism is\u00a0prevalent in schools, criminal conviction, neighborhoods, etc. Montgomery has utilized\u00a0components within her campaign to bring attention and suggest a solution to some of these\u00a0examples of systematic racism within San Diego district 4. Montgomery promised police\u00a0accountability within her platform. This will prevent police officers from criminal conviction\u00a0using racial profiling, a major concern in modern day America. Montgomery also has\u00a0campaigned for\u00a0a number of\u00a0fundraisers, all proceeds to be directly funded to San Diego district\u00a04, the most racially diverse district in San Diego, \u201cWhile District 4 and District 8, which includes\u00a0San Ysidro, Otay Mesa and Barrio Logan,\u00a0are the two most racially diverse districts\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/&quot;The Demographics of District 4: Fact Check.&quot; Voice of San Diego. May 20, 2013. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/www.voiceofsandiego.org\/community\/the-demographics-of-district-4-fact-check\/.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. It is\u00a0important to take into consideration that the most racially diverse district in San Diego (district\u00a04) is also one of the poorest, \u201cPoverty extends across San Diego\u2019s southeastern neighborhoods,\u00a0but to a lesser degree in southern sections like Paradise Hills and Bay Terraces\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/&quot;The Demographics of District 4: Fact Check.&quot; Voice of San Diego. May 20, 2013. Accessed May 07, 2019. https:\/\/www.voiceofsandiego.org\/community\/the-demographics-of-district-4-fact-check\/.\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-548\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.52.17-AM-238x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.52.17-AM-238x300.png 238w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.52.17-AM-600x756.png 600w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.52.17-AM.png 632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-549\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM-300x147.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM-1024x502.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM-600x294.png 600w, https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/files\/2019\/05\/Screen-Shot-2019-05-07-at-12.51.26-AM.png 1326w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300\" data-contrast=\"auto\">In a country that has an extensive racist and prejudice background, I find it interesting when politicians of any minority run for office to represent a country that is still experiencing racial profiling and prejudice in contemporary times. Does this bring conflict into their community? As a minority, it is very important for a politician from my background to use their platform not only to create political reforms, but to help us create a life without racial profiling and with equal opportunity. Montgomery has taken advantage of her power to bring a solution to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300\" data-contrast=\"auto\">intraracial<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and interracial issues by reducing\u00a0racial profiling by police in San Diego and allowing for more job opportunities amongst minorities in San Diego. Montgomery has taken account for representing the most racially diverse district in San Diego and worked to make effective reforms, something not all non-white politicians take into consideration.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Montgomery\u2019s success story has brought the prevalent concept of intersectionality between racial and sexist oppression amongst black women to light in San Diego. This concept of the \u201cdouble disadvantage\u201d has been realized among black women for decades and includes many familiar names whom also stood as black women activists, Ida B Wells, Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth. Although Montgomery has not clearly stated that she is an activist, she has contributed to the movement toward racial and sexist equality within black women by beating inevitable odds, and once again, proving that anything plausible is in fact attainable.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWe are a collective of Black feminists who have been meeting together since 1974. During that time\u00a0we have been involved in the process of defining and clarifying our politics, while at the same time doing political work within our own <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/2019\/05\/07\/the-double-disadvantage-samantha-orellana\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":904,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130536],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-black-san-diegan-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Double Disadvantage -Samantha Orellana - Studies of Black History at the University of San Diego<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.sandiego.edu\/blackhistoryatusd\/2019\/05\/07\/the-double-disadvantage-samantha-orellana\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Double Disadvantage -Samantha Orellana - Studies of Black History at the University of San Diego\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cWe are a collective of Black feminists who have been meeting together since 1974. 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